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Objective:To analyze the risk factors for premature infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hs-PDA) requiring surgical treatment, and to explore the indications for surgical treatment in premature infants with hs-PDA.Methods:A nested case-control study was conducted.The data of premature infants with gestational age<30 weeks who were diagnosed with hs-PDA in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2007 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.The hs-PDA patients treated surgically were included in the operation group.The hs-PDA patients of the same gestational age and gender who were not treated surgically were taken as the control group.The ratio of the case number between the operation and control groups was 1∶2.The clinical data during pregnancy, at birth and after birth of premature infants were compared between the 2 groups.The measurement data were tested by the independent sample t test or Mann- Whitney U test.The classification and enumeration data were compared by the Fisher′ s exact probability method.The risk factors for premature infants with hs-PDA requiring surgical treatment were analyzed by the conditional Logistic regression method. Results:A total of 182 premature infants with hs-PDA were enrolled in the study, including 10 in the operation group and 20 in the control group.The patients underwent PDA ligation 30.5(22.7, 37.0) d after birth, and the median preo-perative invasive ventilation duration was 9.7(17.5, 27.2) d. Compared with the control group(20 cases), the preterm infants in the operation group had a lower birth weight [(891.5±118.0) g vs.(1 054.4±230.2) g, t=2.091], a wider arterial duct diameter [3.2(2.8, 4.0) mm vs.2.0(2.0, 3.0) mm, Z=-3.300], and longer invasive ventilation duration [25.0(18.7, 38.2) d vs.3.0(1.0, 7.5) d, Z=-3.688]. Besides, the operation group applied the pulmonary surfactant for more times [2(1, 3) times vs.1(1, 2) times, Z=-2.440], and inhaled a higher concentration of oxygen on the 14 th day after birth [29(25, 36)% vs.21(21, 29)%, Z=-2.358] than the control group.Moreover, compared with the control group, the operation group took longer to achieve adequate enteral feeding [48.2(51.5, 63.5) d vs.42.5(23.5, 48.0) d, Z=2.789], and gained a higher maximum vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) [3.0(0, 3.5) points vs.0(0, 0) points, Z=-2.630]. The difference in all the above-mentioned indicators between the 2 groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the arterial duct diameter, application times of the pulmonary surfactant, the maximum VIS score, and the time taken to achieve sufficient enteral feeding were all related to the need for surgical treatment of hs-PDA in the operation group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the invasive ventilation duration ( OR=0.747, 95% CI: 0.560-0.998, P=0.048) was an independent risk factor for hs-PDA premature infants requiring surgical treatment. Conclusions:The factors related to the need for surgical treatment in preterm infants with hs-PDA include a wide arterial duct diameter, multiple applications of the pulmonary surfactant, a high concentration of inhaled oxygen on the 14 th day, and the long time to achieve sufficient enteral feeding.The independent risk factor for the surgical treatment in hs-PDA children is the long invasive ventilation duration.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) combined with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in the treatment of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods:A prospective study was conducted on preterm infants of gestational age ≤34 weeks with RDS who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Central Hospital from October 2019 to November 2021. The infants were randomly assigned into the LISA+NIPPV group and the intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) +nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) group. In the LISA+NIPPV group, with the support of NIPPV, a Lisa tube was inserted through the vocal cords under direct vision with direct laryngoscope, and then pulmonary surfactant (PS) was infused into the lung. In the INSURE+NCPAP group, the patients were endotracheally intubated and infused with PS into the lung through endotracheal tube, then extubated and continued to receive NCPAP therapy (INSURE). The blood gas analysis at 1 h and 6 h after PS infusion, the adverse reactions during injection, clinical efficacy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other related complications were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 112 preterm infants with RDS were enrolled, including 58 in the LISA+NIPPV group and 54 in the INSURE+NCPAP group. The blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2) and PaO 2/FiO 2 (P/F) in the LISA+NIPPV group were significantly higher than those in the INSURE+NCPAP group at 1 h and 6 h after PS infusion, while carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO 2) were significantly lower than that in the INSURE+NCPAP group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The rate of tracheal intubation within 72 h (15.5% vs. 33.3%), the duration of non-invasive ventilation [ (7.5 ± 4.3) d vs.(9.9 ± 5.5) d ], total oxygen inhaling [ (10.5 ± 3.5) d vs.(13.3 ± 4.1) d ], failure rate of machine withdrawal (8.6% vs. 31.0% ), the times of apnea [7.0 (3.0-21.0) times vs. 15.0 (4.0-28.0) times ] and re-administration of PS (17.2% vs. 33.3%) in the LISA+NIPPV group were significantly lower than those in the INSURE+NCPAP group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of regurgitation in the LISA+NIPPV group was lower than that in the INSURE+NCPAP group (13.8% vs. 35.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the time needed for intubation between the two groups ( P>0.05). The occurrence of BPD in the LISA+NIPPV group was significantly lower than that in the INSURE+NCPAP group (10.3% vs. 25.9%), and there was no significant difference in other related complication between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:LISA combined with NIPPV in the treatment of preterm infants with RDS can effectively improve oxygenation, reduce carbon dioxide retention, reduce the mechanical ventilation rate, shorten the duration of noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and reduce the incidence of BPD.
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Abstract Objective: To investigate, at school age, the metabolic profile of children born preterm. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children 5 to 8 years old, born with gestational age (GA) < 34 weeks and/or weight ≤ 1,500 grams. Clinical and anthropometric data were assessed by a single trained pediatrician. Biochemical measurements were done at the organization's Central Laboratory using standard methods. Data on health conditions, eating, and daily life habits were retrieved from medical charts and through validated questionnaires. Binary logistic and linear regression models were built to identify the association between variables, weight excess, and GA. Results: Out of 60 children (53.3% female), 6.8 ± 0.7 years old, 16.6% presented excess weight, 13.3% showed increased insulin resistance markers and 36.7% had abnormal blood pressure values. Those presenting excess weight had higher waist circumferences and higher HOMA-IR than normal-weight children (OR = 1.64; CI = 1.035-2.949). Eating and daily life habits were not different among overweight and normal-weight children. The small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, 83.3%) birth weight children did not differ regarding clinical (body weight, blood pressure) or biochemical variables (serum lipids, blood glucose, HOMA-IR). Conclusion: Schoolchildren born preterm, regardless of being AGA or SGA, were overweight, and presented increased abdominal adiposity, reduced insulin sensitivity, and altered lipid profile, justifying longitudinal follow-up regarding adverse metabolic outcomes in the future.
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Resumo: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, embasado no referencial metodológico de Yin, que teve como objetivo descrever os determinantes do contexto familiar relacionados ao cuidado de crianças prematuras, segundo o Modelo Bioecológico. Realizado em um município do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, entre setembro de 2021 e março de 2022, com famílias de crianças prematuras egressas da unidade neonatal, até um ano de idade corrigida, que realizaram o acompanhamento de crescimento e desenvolvimento no ambulatório de puericultura da instituição de saúde selecionada para este estudo. Obteve-se a participação de 18 famílias. A coleta de evidências ocorreu por meio de entrevistas on-line, e utilizou-se ferramentas como genogramas e ecomapas que ajudaram, de forma sistemática e organizada, a ampliar o conhecimento do contexto familiar, sua estrutura, forças e recursos. Na organização dos dados, utilizou -se o Software Web Qualitative Data Analysis, para posteriormente serem analisados à luz do marco teórico do Modelo Bioecológico de Urie Bronfenbrenner. Da análise, emergiram duas categorias temáticas que explicitam a influência bidirecional e sinergia entre a criança em desenvolvimento e o seu contexto. A categoria organização do sistema familiar, contempla a composição, características biopsicossociais, organização e funcionamento do sistema familiar. A segunda categoria, recursos do sistema familiar, compreende o acesso a serviços públicos, bens materiais e econômicos da família, além do estabelecimento da rede de apoio social como recurso para o cuidado da criança prematura. Ao estudar o contexto familiar no seu ambiente mais íntimo e próximo à criança, foi possível perceber o impacto da prematuridade como situação vital no curso de vida, na dinâmica da família e no processo de construção do papel parental; ao mesmo tempo, a exploração das interações com outros microssistemas e o núcleo familiar permitiu o reconhecimento dos múltiplos aspectos do contexto que se tornaram determinantes para facilitar ou dificultar o cuidado infantil, desde a gravidez, o nascimento e após a alta da unidade neonatal. Nessa perspectiva, esta abordagem disponibiliza uma visão ecologicamente válida que permite identificar aqueles determinantes potencialmente modificáveis, subsidiando informações relevantes para os profissionais da saúde priorizar e orientar os cuidados e suporte social, com vista a propor e manter contextos saudáveis e promotores do bem-estar da família, a saúde e o desenvolvimento integral das crianças prematuras.
Abstract: This is, a qualitative, a descriptive multiple-case study grounded in Yin's methodological framework, which aimed to describe the family context determinants related to the care of preterm babies, according to the Bioecological Model. It was conducted in a municipality of Parana State, Brazil, between september 2021 and march 2022, with families of infant preterm, whose were discharged from a neonatal unit, children until one year of corrected age and, whose growth and development were followed up at the childcare outpatient unit of the healthcare institution selected for this study. 18 families participated in the study. Data collection was carried out by means of online interviews, and some tools were used, such as genograms and ecomaps, which helped, in a systematic and organized way, to expand knowledge of the family context, its structure, strengths and resources. For data organization, the Web Qualitative Data Analysis, Software, was used for further data analysis in light of the Bioecological Model by Urie Bronfenbrenner. From the analysis, two thematic categories emerged, which clarified the bidirectional influence and synergy between the developing child and his/her context. The family system organization category, contemplates the composition, biopsychosocial characteristics, organization and functioning of the family system. The second category, family system resources, comprises the access to public services, family's material and economic resources, apart from the establishment of a social support network as a resource to take care of the premature child. By studying the family context in its inner and closest environment to the child, it was possible to perceived the impact of prematurity as a vital situation in the course of life, in the dynamics of the family and in the process of building the parental role; at the same time, the exploration of interaction with other microsystems and the nuclear family enabled the recognition of the multiple aspects of the context that became determinants to facilitate or hinder child care, from pregnancy, birth and after discharge from the neonatal unit. In this perspective, this approach provides an ecologically valid view, that allows to identify those potentially modifiable determinants, underpinning relevant information for health care professionals to be able to prioritize and guide care and social support, in order to propose and keep healthy contexts, which promote the well-being of the family, health and integral development of premature children.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Patient Care Team , Social Support , Infant, Premature , Family , Child Care , Health PolicyABSTRACT
Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and integrate relevant evidence on the management of the developmentally supportive environment in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), and to provide clinical references.Methods:Evidence on NICU environmental management was retrieved from Guidelines International Network, Joanna Briggs Institute, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guide Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Registered Nurses′ Association of Ontario, Yimaitong and other Websites, BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Wanfang Database, CNKI and other database.The evidence included guidelines, evidence summaries, best clinical practice manuals, expert consensus and systematic reviews.The date limit was from the establishment of the databases to March 31, 2021.Results:Totally 16 articles were involved, including 4 guidelines, 9 systematic reviews, and 3 expert consensus.Finally, 20 pieces of best evidence on four aspects were su-mmarized: sound, light, touch, and smell.There were 11 A-level recommendations and 9 B-level recommendations.The evidence suggested that health care workers should reduce noise and protect premature infants from being exposed to bright light, noxious gases, and negative touch stimuli.Besides, benign auditory and olfactory stimuli, circadian light, and mother-infant skin-to-skin contact should be used to promote the development of premature infants.Conclusions:This study is a summary of the recommendations on NICU environmental management.It is well-designed and has achieved fruitful results, showing great significance for reducing environmental stress of premature infants in the NICU.However, the current recommended methods for providing benign stimulation require validation of more high-quality, well-designed research.It is recommended that medical staff should selectively apply the evidence to clinical practice according to the actual situation.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) combined with caffeine citrate in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants receiving continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) ventilation.Methods:From August 2019 to April 2021, a total of 112 preterm infants with RDS (26 weeks≤gestational age ≤32 weeks) who were hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Central Hospital, were chosen as research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into the LISA combined treatment group ( n=58) and the INSURE group ( n=54). In the LISA combined treatment group, a LISA tube was inserted through the vocal cords under direct vision with a direct laryngoscope and then infused with pulmonary surfactant (PS) into the lung when NCPAP ventilation was applied, and caffeine citrate was given intravenously. In the INSURE group, the patients were endotracheally intubated and infused with PS into the lung through an endotracheal tube, and then extubated and put on NCPAP again. The following indicators were examined: the general clinical data, results of blood gas analysis at 1 h and 6 h after infusion of PS into the lung, clinical efficacy and related complications. Results:①No significant differences were found between the two groups in the general clinical data (all P>0.05).Intra-group comparison within LISA combined treatment group or INSURE group showed that partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) of blood gas analysis and PaO 2/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) at 1 h and 6 h after infused PS into the lung were all improved compared to those of before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The PaO 2 and P/F in the LISA combined treatment group at 1 h and 6 h after breath support therapy were higher than those in the INSURE group, while PaCO 2 was lower than that in the INSURE group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The duration of noninvasive ventilation, total oxygen inhalation, re-administration of PS, failure rate of machine withdrawal, the rate of tracheal intubation within 72 h and the times of apnea in the LISA combined treatment group were significantly shorter, or lower, or less than those in the INSURE group [3.0 (1.0, 18.0) d vs. 7.5 (2.0, 22.0) d, 5.5 (3.0, 21.0) d vs. 10.5 (4.0, 28.0) d, 9 (15.5%) vs. 17 (31.5%), 6 (10.3%) vs. 14 (25.9%), 5 (8.6%) vs. 12 (22.2%), 5.0 (3.0, 21.0) times vs. 15.0 (4.0, 28.0) times], and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the LISA combined treatment group was less than that in the INSURE group [(5 (8.6%) vs. 13 (24.1%)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in other complications( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with INSURE, the LISA technique combined with caffeine citrate can effectively improve oxygenation, reduce the mechanical ventilation rate, shorten the duration of noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and reduce the incidence of BPD in the treatment of premature infants with RDS at the gestational age of 26-32 weeks.
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In recent years, the management of respiratory diseases related to preterm birth has received extensive attention.In 2021, the American Thoracic Society brought together multidisciplinary experts in respiratory, neonato-logy, otolaryngology, sleep medicine, radiology and nursing specialties to develop Guidelines for outpatient respiratory management in infants, children, and adolescents with post-preterm respiratory disease (hereinafter referred to as the " Guideline" ), aiming to provide evidence-based medical evidence for standardized outpatient management of respiratory diseases associated with preterm birth at different ages.The Guideline was interpreted and summarized so that pediatric clinicians could correctly diagnose and treat these diseases, and understand and implement standardized outpatient management on the basis of evidence.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between preterm infants with brain injury and the proportion of lymphocyte subsets, especially γδ-T cells in the postnatal peripheral blood, and to determine the predictive potential of γδ-T cells in the early peripheral blood in brain injury.Methods:It was a prospective study involving 106 preterm infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks who were delivered in the Department of Neonatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, to June 1, 2021.Relative levels of γδ-T , CD4 + T, CD8 + T, CD3 + T and total lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood collected within the first 24 hours after birth were measured by flow cytometry.Recruited infants were divided into brain injury group (36 cases) and non-brain injury group (70 cases) according to serial cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at the corrected gestational age of 36-37 weeks.Differences in general conditions and the proportion of lymphocyte subsets between groups were compared by the t-test or Chi- square test.Patients in brain injury group were further divided into intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) group(8 cases), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) group (6 cases)and diffuse white matter damage (WMD) group(22 cases). The proportion of lymphocyte subsets among the different groups was compared by One- Way ANOVA, followed by the LSD- t test. Results:The proportion of γδ-T cells in postnatal peripheral blood of preterm infants at 24 hours after birth in brain injury group was significantly lower than that of non-brain injury group [(0.09±0.12)% vs.0.15±0.13)%, t=-2.445, P=0.016]. No significant differences in the proportion of the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell subsets were found between them.Both preterm infants in PVL group and WMD group had a significantly lower proportion of γδ-T cells at 24 hours after birth compared to that of the non-brain injury group [(0.03±0.05)%, (0.07±0.09)% and (0.15±0.13)%], respectively, ( t=-2.190, -2.659, all P<0.05). Conclusions:γδ-T cells in early postnatal peripheral blood may be involved in the development of brain injury in preterm infants and they had early predictive value for preterm infants at high risk of brain injury, especially the leukomalacia and diffuse white matter injury.
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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de medicamentos off-label e sem licença em recém-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: Estudo de coorte não concorrente, incluindo prematuros admitidos em três unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, nos anos de 2016 e 2017, acompanhados durante o período neonatal. O uso de medicamentos e o número foram registrados para todo o período e classificados segundo a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas dos dados para avaliar associações entre o número de medicamentos utilizados (total, off-label e sem licença) e as variáveis explicativas de interesse. Resultados: Os 400 neonatos prematuros utilizaram 16.143 medicamentos, com 86 especialidades diferentes; 51,9% desses itens foram classificados como off-label e 23,5% como sem licença. Os mais prescritos foram gentamicina e ampicilina (17,5% e 15,5% dos off-label, respectivamente) e cafeína (75,5% dos não licenciados). O estudo demonstrou associações significativas do uso de medicamentos off-label com a menor idade gestacional, baixo peso ao nascer, menor escore de Apgar no quinto minuto, manobra de reanimação avançada em sala de parto e óbito. Com os medicamentos não licenciados, foram verificadas associações com a menor idade gestacional, baixo peso ao nascer e escore de Apgar no quinto minuto menor que 7. Conclusão: Os neonatos internados em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais são muito expostos ao uso de medicamentos off-label e sem licença. Tornam-se necessários mais investimentos em estudos para alcançar maior segurança e qualidade da terapêutica medicamentosa empregada em neonatologia.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the use of off-label and unlicensed medications in preterm infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: This nonconcurrent cohort study included preterm infants admitted to 3 neonatal intensive care units in 2016 and 2017 who were followed up during the neonatal period. The type and number of medications used were recorded for the entire period and classified based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical. Descriptive and bivariate data analyses were performed to assess associations between the number of drugs used (total, off-label and unlicensed) and the explanatory variables of interest. Results: Four hundred preterm infants received 16,143 prescriptions for 86 different pharmaceuticals; 51.9% of these medications were classified as off-label and 23.5% as unlicensed. The most prescribed drugs were gentamicin and ampicillin (17.5% and 15.5% among off-label, respectively) and caffeine (75.5% among unlicensed). The results indicated significant associations between the use of off-label drugs and lower gestational age, low birth weight, lower 5-minute Apgar score, advanced resuscitation maneuver in the delivery room and death. The prescription of unlicensed drugs was associated with lower gestational age, low birth weight and 5-minute Apgar score below 7. Conclusion: Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units are highly exposed to off-label and unlicensed medications. Further studies are needed to achieve greater safety and quality of drug therapy used in neonatology.
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Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Infant, Premature , Cohort Studies , Prescriptions , Off-Label UseABSTRACT
The last 20 years has seen dramatic improvements in the survival of preterm infants due to improved antenatal and neonatal care. Closer attention to nutrition means early parenteral nutrition and mother's own milk are considered as standard of care. Many uncertainties remain however, such as optimal macronutrient intakes for longer term cognitive and metabolic outcomes, and the optimal probiotic regime to reduce the risk of necrotising enterocolitis. Nutrition involves macronutrients and micronutrients, immunonutrients, microbiomic aspects and nutrient delivery. It is also clear that there are behavioural and psychological aspects, and strongly held beliefs for parents and professionals that affect practice. While many healthcare professionals (HCPs) are aware of several key nutritional concepts on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), many HCPs lack a concise, systematic approach. This article provides a brief approach to nutritional assessment for use on the NICU summarised as ABCDE: A—anthropometry, B—biochemistry, C—clinical, D—dietary intakes, E—environment and evaluation.
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Objective:To explore the effect of kangaroo care for mothers and fathers on preterm infants' heart rate, blood oxygen, body temperature and so on, and to explore the influence of kangaroo care on the anxiety of the implementers.Methods:Totally 132 cases of preterm infants and their parents from September 2017 to September 2018 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were randomly divided into mother group (67 cases) and father group (65 cases) by envelope method. The intervention lasted for two hours. State Anxiety Inventory(SAI) was used to evaluate the anxiety status of the implementers before and after the intervention, and the heart rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature of preterm infants were recorded 15 minutes before and at the end of the intervention.Results:Before the intervention, the SAI scores of the two groups were 35.00(30.00, 45.00) in the mother group and 33.00(30.00, 43.00) in the father group, with no significant difference ( Z value was -0.645, P>0.05); after the intervention, the SAI score of the mother group was 29.00(23.00, 32.00) and that of the father group was 25.00(21.50, 28.00), with significant difference ( Z value was -3.518, P<0.01). Before and after the intervention, the changes of heart rate ( δ1=- 4.25), blood oxygen saturation ( δ2=1.45), body temperature ( δ3=0.20) of preterm infants before and after the intervention were tested by non inferiority test, and the difference was statistically significant ( t values were -6.370, 5.343, 12.612, P<0.01). Conclusions:The effect of kangaroo care on preterm infants' heart rate, blood oxygen and body temperature are no less than that of mothers. Compared with mother, kangaroo care can reduce father's anxiety better.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of caffeine citrate combined with heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.Methods From June 2017 to December 2018,a total of 82 preterm infants with RDS (28 weeks ≤ gestational age＜32 weeks) who were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Southeast University were chosen as research subjects.They were randomly (random number table method) divided into two groups:the combined treatment group (n=42) and the control group (n=40).Infants in the combined treatment group were given caffeine citrate combined with HHHFNC,while infants in the control group were given nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) without caffeine citrate.The general clinical data,results of blood gas analysis at 6 h and 24 h after breath support therapy,clinical efficacy,related complications and adverse drug reactions between the two groups were compared statistically by LSD-t test,Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test.Results ① No significant differences were found between the two groups in the general clinical data (all P＞0.05).② The results of intra-groups comparison within the combined treatment group or control group showed that the pH value,partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2),partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of blood gas analysis and PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) at 6 h and 24 h after breath support therapy were all significantly improved compared to those of before treatment (all P＜0.05);The PaO2 and P/F of premature infants in the combined treatment group at 6 h and 24 h after breath support therapy were significantly higher than those in the control group,while PaCO2 were significantly lower than that in the control group (all P＜0.05).③ The duration of noninvasive ventilation,total oxygen inhaling,failure rate of machine withdrawal,use of pulmonary surfactants,the rate of tracheal intubation within 72 h and the times of apnea in combined treatment group were 3.0 d (1.0,18.0)d,5.5 d (3.0,21.0)d,4 case(9.5％),10 case(23.8％),3 case(7.1％) and 6.0 times(3.0,21.0)times,which were significant shorter,or lower,or less than those in control group,which were 7.0 d (2.0,22.0),10.0 d (4.0,28.0),11 case(27.5％),19 case(47.5％),12 case(30.0％)and 15.0 times(4.0,28.0)times,and the differences were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05).④ The occurrence of nasal trauma,abdominal distention and head shaping in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P＜0.05).⑤ There were no significant differences between the two groups of premature infants in related complication and caffeine associated adverse reactions (all P＞0.05).Conclusions Caffeine citrate combined with HHHFNC treatment strategy for premature infants with RDS can effectively improve oxygenation,shorten the duration of noninvasive mechanical ventilation,increase the success rate of machine withdrawal,and reduce the incidence of nasal trauma and abdominal distention.
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Anemia is one of the common complications in preterm infants.Although there are many factors that can cause anemia of prematurity (AOP), erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency is one of the main causes of AOP.Insufficient EPO levels in premature infants and their mechanisms are the hotspots of AOP research at home and abroad.The rational use of EPO for prevention and treatment of AOP has become an international consensus and significant clinical outcomes have been obtained.The recent progress in the field of AOP, the relationship between EPO and AOP, and the clinical application and efficacy of EPO in the prevention and treatment of AOP in recent 3 to 5 years have been reviewed.
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Objective@#To analyze the correlation between the continuous opening of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) in preterm infants and platelet parameters in the first 24 hours of life.@*Methods@#The preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)of the Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Southeast University from November 2012 to July 2018 were enrolled.The following data were collected retrospectively: the platelet parameters in the first 24 hours of life, clinical factors possibly related to continuous opening of PDA, and echocardiography examination fin-dings on the 4th-7th day after birth.According to the diagnostic criteria of PDA, all preterm infants were divided into symptomatic PDA(sPDA) group, non-sPDA (nsPDA) group, and non-PDA (nPDA) group.SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, LSD or Tambane′s T2 of One-Way analysis of variance, and binary Logistic regression analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.@*Results@#Totally 760 preterm infants were chosen, and among them there were 67 cases (8.8%) in sPDA group, 106 cases (14.0%) in nsPDA group, and 587 cases (77.2%) in nPDA group.There were significant diffe-rences in the terms of gestation age, birth weight, platelet counts (PLT), and plateletcrit (PCT) in the first 24 hours of life among 3 groups (all P<0.05). The smaller gestation age, the lower birth weight, the lower PLT and PCT in the first 24 hours of life, and the higher incidence of PDA in preterm infants.There were no significant differences in the platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, and platelet large cell ratio in the first 24 hours of life among 3 groups (all P>0.05). The low lower birth weight and PCT in the first 24 hours of life were independent risk factors for the occurrence of sPDA in preterm infants (P=0.013, 0.000). The risk of occurrence of sPDA in preterm infants will be increased by 3.279-fold (95%CI: 2.369-4.479) if PCT in the first 24 hours of life is decreased by 0.10%.The area under the ROC curves of PCT and PLT in the first 24 hours of life for prediction of sPDA in preterm infants was 0.757 (95%CI: 0.712-0.814) and 0.718 (95%CI: 0.671-0.768), respectively.The best cutoff values of PCT and PLT were 0.178% (sensitivity was 75.7%, specificity was 71.9%) and 207.5×109/L (sensitivity was 71.4%, specificity was 63.2%).@*Conclusions@#The continuous opening of PDA in preterm infants may have correlation with the platelet.The low PCT, rather than PLT, in the first 24 hours of life was an independent risk factor and has medium predictive value for the occurrence of sPDA in preterm infants on the 4th-7th day after birth.
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In 2017, the Montreux diagnostic criteria for neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) were released, which helps to decrease neonatal mortality and morbidity and the incidence of sequelae.However, how to use the diagnostic criteria remains confused for the neonatologists for its ambiguity of definition in clinical risk factors, differentiating from premature respiratory distress syndrome, and relationship between surfactant and neonatal ARDS.In the present review, these issues will be focused to better interpret and use the definition in dealing with neonatal ARDS.
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In recent years, the oral feeding readiness for preterm infants has been paid more and more attention, and there are various assessment tools for the oral feeding readiness. The professionals in various countries have been constantly improved and adjusted according to the national and clinical conditions, but up to now, no unified standard has been formed. This paper reviews the assessment tools of preterm infant′s oral feeding readiness at home and abroad, and provides reference for the unified evaluation standard of preterm infant's oral feeding readiness, so as to establish more standardized and effective intervention strategies and enhance the effect of preterm infant′s oral feeding nursing.
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Magnesium ion (Mg2+ ) plays an important role in maintaining the life and health of the body.In preterm infants, the protective effect of prenatal Mg2+ supplementation on the nervous system of preterm infants has been widely recognized.Researchers begin to pay attention to the effects of serum Mg2+ level on the development of nervous system and effects of prenatal exposure to Mg2+ on the non-nervous system in preterm infants.The effects of Mg2+ on the development of neural and non-neural system in preterm infants were summarized.
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Medical improvement increases successful rescue rate of premature infants.Under the bio-medico-humain management concept, in addition to the enhancement of medical devices and improvement of medical skills, professionals started to pay attention to a more scientific and better humanity caring model in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Family integrated care (FICare/FIC) is a synthesized management model of NICU, in which, parents of preterm infants are integrated into the NICU team by allowing parents to enter the NICU, nursing and caring of their own hospitalized infants under the supervision of well trained education nurses.Now, the background of FICare, the implementation method of FICare, the influence of FICare to breastfeeding and prognosis of preterm infants and the influence of FICare to the medical burden will be introduced.
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Preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity, chorioamnionitis (CAM) is a common cause of preterm birth and characterized by inflammation.CAM produces variety of inflammatory factors in fetal, results in structural and functional impairment, and affects the contractile function of pulmonary blood vessels, so, CAM can have impact on the morbidity of lung disease in premature, and it may even affect the long-term pulmonary function.
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In recent years, the oral feeding readiness for preterm infants has been paid more and more attention, and there are various assessment tools for the oral feeding readiness. The professionals in various countries have been constantly improved and adjusted according to the national and clinical conditions, but up to now, no unified standard has been formed. This paper reviews the assessment tools of preterm infant′s oral feeding readiness at home and abroad, and provides reference for the unified evaluation standard of preterm infant's oral feeding readiness, so as to establish more standardized and effective intervention strategies and enhance the effect of preterm infant′s oral feeding nursing.